大多数高血压患者不遵循推荐的饮食

《内科医学档案》(JAMA/Archives期刊之一)2月11日发表的一份报告显示，相对较小比例的高血压患者的饮食符合政府控制疾病的指导方针。事实上，自从一种有助于降低血压的饮食被引入以来，高血压患者的饮食质量已经下降。

根据这篇文章的背景信息，1997年发表的饮食控制高血压试验(DASH)的结果表明，多吃水果、蔬菜和低脂乳制品可以显著降低血压。随后的研究发现，这种饮食模式补充了其他生活方式的改变，如减少钠和减肥，有助于降低胆固醇水平和预防代谢综合征的组成部分。全国高血压预防、检测和治疗联合委员会建议所有高血压患者采用DASH饮食。

Philip B. Mellen, M.D., M.S., of the Hattiesburg Clinic, Hattiesburg, Miss., and colleagues analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2004. Men and women age 20 years and older were interviewed to obtain demographic and socioeconomic information and diet history; their blood pressure was measured, and they were asked if they had ever been diagnosed with hypertension. Using the DASH guidelines, the researchers identified goals for eight target nutrients: total fat, saturated fat, protein, fiber, cholesterol, calcium, magnesium and potassium. DASH scores ranging from zero to nine were calculated for individuals with and without hypertension from the surveys; those who scored a 4.5 or higher were considered to be following the diet.

在1999年至2004年调查的个体中，4,386名（28％）被诊断出患有高血压。这些人的平均挫折得分为2.92（与3.12之间，没有高血压的3.12相比），只有19.4％的饮食。与1988年到1994年调查的人相比，患有高血压的7.3％较少，仪式饮食，反映了较少的患者，消耗总脂肪，纤维和镁的目标水平。年轻人，非洲裔美国人和身体质量指数为30或更高的人中，Dash分数最低。

资料来源：Jama和Archives期刊

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