任务和行为测量。(A) task中120个项目中的7个。(B)该任务涉及两个不同的目标:点燃一团火(燃烧目标:橙色火焰)和锚定一艘船(锚定目标:蓝绿色锚)。在本文的其余部分，这些目标与所呈现的图标和颜色相关联。(C)第一天，受试者评估每个项目对每个目标的有用性，并报告他们对评估(评估试验)的信心。在第2天，我们获取了功能磁共振成像数据，让参与者单独体验第1天的项目(想象试验)或成对体验(选择试验)。在想象实验中，他们被要求想象用这个物品来实现当前的目标。在选择试验中，他们的任务是选择他们认为对当前目标更有价值的物品;在被选择的项目下面有一颗黄色的星星，以确认选择。(D)主观评价取决于决策者的目标，如这里所示。 A wooden chair is useful for burning, unlike a metal chair (although perceptually similar) or a safe box. In contrast, the safe box and, to some extent, the metal chair, might be useful for anchoring, unlike the wooden chair. (E) Dissimilarity matrices between items under the two goals, built on estimations of a sample participant. Each entry of the matrices indicates the absolute difference in subjective usefulness (plotted below the matrices in orange and teal) between a pair of items. (F) Top: We separately tested the relation between choice and the usefulness reported by participants for the same goal (congruent case; black arrow) or the alternative goal (incongruent case; gray arrow). Bottom: On day 2, choices were predicted by the usefulness assigned on day 1 for the congruent goal but were unrelated to the incongruent goal. Credit:科学的进步, doi: 10.1126 / sciadv.abd5363
分析了信心。(A)用于信心分析的roi。这些roi是根据探照灯绘制的有用性相关图(vmPFC、OFC和dlPFC)中获得的统计上有意义的聚类定义的。(B)信心表征与代表有用性的三个前额叶区域的大脑活动之间的相关性。* * P < 0.01。(C)基于roi分析的分析管道，量化有用性和置信度神经方案之间的重叠。图中中心的矩阵表示在T次试验(水平维度)上ROI中N个体素的活动向量(垂直维度)。然后，每个体素(即长度为T的矩阵的每一行)的逐次试验活动，与每次试验中有用性和信心的主观估计向量进行线性回归。每种回归都为每个体素产生一个系数;由于我们对每个体素做了两次回归，一次是有用性回归，一次是信心回归，这导致每个体素有两个系数，描述了有用性和信心体素活动之间的线性关系(分别是BiU和BiC, i = 1，…，N)。 The absolute values of these coefficients were interpreted as the degree to which the corresponding voxel participates in the representation of usefulness and confidence and were grouped in two participation vectors, which summarized the extent to which the voxels in the ROI took part in the representation of usefulness and confidence. The correlation between the two participation vectors was then taken as an indication of whether the representations of usefulness and confidence were supported by the same neural code or by overlapping but distinct codes. Credit:科学的进步, doi: 10.1126 / sciadv.abd5363
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